I can't give you an exact time, but what works well for me is that I cut out the brood comb, put it in frames and put the frames in a polystyrene nuc with attached bees. I have gone 6-8 hours with this method without issue, and expect could go longer. With my bee vac, I add the brood to the bees in the vac before I travel home.
Obviously outside temperature plays a big part, but I don't attempt cut-outs when the temperature is too low.