they produce by breathing -exhale warmer air -inhale cold air -condensation ocurs -RDY-B
Clayton California, the winter expert. Here is -15C cold and 50 cm snow.
Bees go to tight cluster and they must to have food under their feet. If they have not, part of cluster will die.
Bees cannot use here crystal sugar during midd winter. They need drinking water to do it .
In the hive moisture goes into the honey when cap is opened.
The reason is fructose and a low temperature. It takes water from hive air. When I make pollen patty, essetial part is to use fructose that the patty sucks moisture and it is soft. Without sucrose the patty dries up.