Jerry, I don't know. I was of a distinct impression that the worker wasps all died in the wintertime. The queen is the only smart one, she finds a crevice or somewhere to overwinter in, comes out in the spring, impregnated and lays the first brood. She looks after this brood and then the brood hatches and they carry on, raising more and more and more brood. You said that you have killed many, many. I wonder if those many, many, were indeed the queens. I would imagine a colony would set a lot of queens to hibernate over the wintertime. But I honestly don't know. If you had freezing temperatures, I would imagine that the workers all died, but then, I am not an expert in this field. You may find out more information as time goes on. Beautiful day in this great life, Cindi