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Our coldest measure is -50C..
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:chop: Respect!!!
Finski, I have saw a big difference about American beekeepers opinion and beekeepers from my country. Romanian beekeeping school and books have an opinion exactly like yours.
In springtime, if no pollen, no brooding and they don`t get sugarwater. May be feed with honney-pollen cake.
But small portion of syrup can get impression of harvest for bees and the bees determinate the queen to laying. If this happend and bees have not enough pollen, result an imbalance. The bees consume the vitelogenin reserves and their life shortens.
The brood is not strong and health enough without pollen.
Who knows, made.Who does not know, teach others. I am newbee. :roll: