Something similar happened to me last summer. At first I thought I was seeing orientation flights in a reasonably healthy hive. Then I thought maybe it was robbing, but there weren't any signs of struggle: just a whole lot of bees acting excited. They also crowded the entrance, yet it wasn't really bearding. (They had plenty of room and ventilation, and it wasn't particularly hot.) The activity would get more intense, then ease off, usually toward the late afternoon.
After about 10 days of this behavior, I found that the hive was queenless. I don't think they'd swarmed-- population wasn't down much-- but there was no brood, no eggs, and the hive was hot and very loud. I never did figure out what had happened, but I'm curious whether you're seeing the same thing. I hope not.